What Is TESA?
Understanding Testicular Sperm Aspiration
TESA (Testicular Sperm Aspiration) is a minor surgical procedure used to retrieve sperm directly from the testicular tissue in men who are unable to produce sperm in their ejaculate. It is commonly performed in cases of severe male infertility, particularly when sperm production is low or absent in semen samples.
TESA is a sperm retrieval procedure, not a fertility treatment by itself. The retrieved sperm is later used in assisted reproductive techniques such as IVF with ICSI. The procedure is minimally invasive and typically performed on an outpatient basis.
When TESA Is Recommended
TESA is recommended when standard semen analysis does not show usable sperm, but there is a possibility that sperm may still be present within the testicles. A fertility specialist decides on TESA after thorough male fertility evaluation and diagnostic testing.
Who Is Eligible for TESA Treatment?
- Non-Obstructive Azoospermia
TESA is often advised for men with non-obstructive azoospermia, a condition where sperm production is significantly reduced or absent due to testicular failure or hormonal causes rather than blockage. - Poor or Absent Sperm Production
Men with very low sperm counts or poor-quality sperm that cannot be used for conventional fertility treatments may be considered for TESA to retrieve sperm directly from the source. - Failed Semen Analysis
If repeated semen analyses fail to show viable sperm, but clinical evaluation suggests possible sperm production within the testicles, TESA may be recommended as a diagnostic and therapeutic option.
How Is the TESA Procedure Performed?
Preparation Before TESA
Before the procedure:
A detailed fertility evaluation is completed
Hormonal tests and imaging may be reviewed
The procedure and expected outcomes are explained
TESA is usually scheduled as a day-care procedure and does not require hospital admission.
Sperm Aspiration From Testis
During TESA:
A fine needle is inserted into the testicular tissue
Small samples are aspirated to retrieve sperm
The collected tissue is examined in the laboratory for viable sperm
The procedure is precise and performed by experienced fertility specialists to minimize discomfort.
Duration and Anesthesia
TESA typically takes 15–30 minutes and is performed under local anesthesia. This ensures patient comfort while avoiding the need for general anesthesia in most cases.
Is TESA Painful or Risky?
- Pain and Recovery
TESA is generally well tolerated. Most men experience only mild discomfort or soreness after the procedure, which usually resolves within a short period. Pain relief medication may be advised if required.
- Safety and Possible Complications
TESA is considered safe when performed by experienced specialists. As with any minor surgical procedure, there may be minimal risks such as swelling or bruising, which are usually temporary and manageable.
How Is Sperm Used After TESA?
- TESA With IVF / ICSI
Sperm retrieved through TESA is typically used in IVF with ICSI (Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection), where a single sperm is injected directly into an egg to achieve fertilization. This approach is especially useful when sperm quantity is limited.
- Sperm Freezing and Future Use
If sufficient sperm is retrieved, it may be cryopreserved (frozen) for future use. This can help avoid repeat surgical procedures and provide flexibility for subsequent fertility treatment cycles.
TESA vs Other Sperm Retrieval Techniques
TESA vs PESA
The choice between TESA and PESA depends on the underlying cause of male infertility.
TESA vs Micro-TESE
A fertility specialist determines the most appropriate method based on diagnostic findings.
Recovery and Aftercare
Post-Procedure Care
After TESA:
Patients are advised to rest briefly
Mild swelling or discomfort may occur
Supportive care instructions are provided
Following post-procedure guidelines helps ensure smooth recovery.
When Normal Activities Can Resume
Most patients can return to normal daily activities within 24–48 hours, depending on individual comfort levels. Heavy physical activity may be avoided for a short period as advised by the specialist.
Book a Male Infertility Consultation
Evaluation Before TESA
Before recommending TESA, a detailed fertility evaluation is performed to confirm the diagnosis and assess suitability. This ensures that the procedure is appropriate and beneficial.
Treatment Planning
Based on evaluation results, fertility specialists create a personalized treatment plan, explaining how TESA fits into the overall fertility journey and whether IVF or ICSI is recommended.
Why Choose Janisthaa IVF for TESA?
At Janisthaa IVF, TESA is performed as part of a comprehensive male infertility care program. The focus is on accurate diagnosis, safe sperm retrieval, seamless coordination with IVF/ICSI treatments, and compassionate patient support throughout the process.
Meet Our Doctor
Dr. Shwetha Y Baratikkae
Dr. Shwetha is an expert in reproductive medicine, laparoscopic surgery, and cosmetic gynaecology. She is well respected for her ethical standards and individualised care and addresses complex cases of fertility and high-risk pregnancies with equal precision and sensitivity. Her treatments are state-of-the-art, minimally invasive, and customised to each patient, establishing her as one of the most reliable names in women’s healthcare.
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What Our Clients Say
We believe that every parenthood journey deserves compassion, expertise, and unwavering support. These heartfelt testimonials reflect the trust our patients place in us, and we hope they offer you the reassurance to begin your own journey with confidence.
Dr. Shwetha is the most compassionate and knowledgeable doctor I’ve ever met. I came to her with a long-standing gynaecological concern, and thanks to her attentive care and clear guidance, I’m now completely healed. I’ve already recommended her to my family and friends; she truly makes you feel seen and supported.
Priya S., Bengaluru
Dr. Shwetha combines deep medical expertise with a genuinely kind approach. She listens patiently, explains every step of the treatment, and always recommends what’s best for your unique case. The clinic staff are warm and professional, and the facilities are excellent. I felt safe and cared for throughout.
Anjali R., Mysuru
From the moment I walked in, I felt reassured. Dr. Shwetha’s experience and gentle demeanour made all the difference. She doesn’t just treat symptoms; she understands your story. The team here is incredibly supportive, and the environment is calm and welcoming. Highly recommended for anyone seeking thoughtful, effective care.
Meena K., Tumakuru